| Exorcism by Rabbis: Talmud Sages and Their Magic: An article by Meir Bar-Ilan centering on the Jewish sages of the Mishnah and Talmud who dealt with magic in the religious context of their times; demonstrates survivals of this ancient phenomenon in contemporary Israeli and Palestinian religious folklore. |
| Fetichism in West Africa: By Robert Hamill Nassau (1904), e-text from the Internet Sacred Text Archive. |
| Islamic Resurgence and the Belief System of Rural Malays: A lengthy scholarly article by Anne Katherine Larsen that identifies and discusses traditional folkloric "extra-religious beliefs" and customs that reside beneath, and sometimes conflict with, the ostensibly Islamic Malay culture. |
| Popular Religion in Portugal: Appearances of the Virgin at Fatima, religion in the north of Portugal, and origins of selected Portuguese popular saints considered by Ray Vogensen from a non-religious viewpoint. |
| The Significance of Baptism in Estonian Folk Belief: An article describing Estonian folk-religious customs surrounding baptism, baby naming, and the celebration of name-days. |
Classical
