Sites:
| Britannica Nobel Prize: Hafnium: Detailed overview and data. | | ChemGlobe: Hafnium: Electronic, thermal, and steric data along with an isotope table. | | ChemicalElements.com: Hafnium: Basic information, atomic structure, and isotopes. | | EnvironmentalChemistry.com: Hafnium: Atomic structure, chemical and physical properties, and table of nuclides. | | Hafnium: Data tables and historic information. | | It's Elemental: Hafnium: Basic physical and historical information. | | LANL: Hafnium: History, properties, uses, and handling. | | Lenntech: Hafnium: Physical data, chemical properties, health and environmental effects. | | Visual Elements: Hafnium: General and physical information, source, uses, key isotopes, and ionisation energies. | | WebElements: Hafnium: Extensive information on history, uses, occurrence, compounds, and properties. | | Wikipedia: Hafnium: Properties of the element, including its history, applications, and characteristics. |
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Classical
