Ibn Batuta: Arab traveller and author. (1304- ?)Ibn Khaldoun: Islamic historian and sociologist. (1332-1406)Ibn Sa'ud: King of Hijaz and Najd, and afterwards king of Saudi Arabia. Founded the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. (1879- 1953)Ibn Tufayl: Arab philosopher and physician. (1100-1185)Ibn Tumart: Muslim reformer of Morocco. Was called Mahdi of the Almohads.Idu l-Fitr: Central religious feast in Islam, also known as cîdu s-saghîr and in Turkey as kücük-bairam.Idu l-Kabir: Central religious feast in Islam, lasting for a period of three days, celebrated on the 10. Dhu l-hijja.Ihram: 1: State of sacredness in which a Muslim performs hajj and umra. 2: Garment worn by hajjiyys during hajj and umra.Intifada: Uprising in the Palestinian occupied territories from 1987 to 1993, in protest against the Israeli occupation and politics.Iran: Independent Islamic republic, divided into 28 provinces. Heads of state: Leader of the Islamic Revolution (Wali Faqih) Ayatollah Ali Hoseini-Khamenei and President Mohammed Khatami.Iran-Iraq War: War between Iran and Iraq, lasting from 1980 to 1988, caused by disagreements on the borderline between the two countries.Iraq: Independent republic, divided into 18 governorates. Under the control of a US-led force since April 2003.Iriha: City in Palestine with about 25,000 inhabitants, situated on the West Bank, in the Jordan Valley.Isa: (Jesus) In Christianity, a central religious person, either seen as God in human body or as son of God born by a woman. In Islam and Baha'i, one of the central prophets, as well as miracle worker (always called Isa).Islam: A religion with more than 1,400 million believers. It is dominant in East- and North Africa, Middle East, Central Asia and in Indonesia.Islamism: Group of ideologies in Islam that want to use the Sharia to its full extent.Israel: Independent republic, but not recognized by a most countries in the Middle East. Divided into 6 districts.Istanbul: Largest city in Turkey with 8,0 million inhabitants, situated on both sides of the Bosporus.Izmir: City in Turkey with 2.1 million inhabitants, situated in the west of Turkey.