A Compound TCP Approach for High-speed and Long Distance Networks: Technical paper on an experimental variant of TCP optimised for high-speed, long-distance networks.
A User's Guide to TCP Windows: A User's Guide to TCP Windows
Equation-Based Congestion Control for Unicast Applications: Research papers on TCP-Friendly Rate Control
Prioritizing empty TCP ACKs with pf and ALTQ: An OpenBSD-specific way to relieve TCP performance degradation due to congestion in the opposite direction across a bottleneck.
Sally Floyd at ICIR: Proposed and experimental improvements to congestion control.
T/TCP Home Page: Historic description of T/TCP. Includes links to RFCs and source code. Not being updated since Richard W. Stevens has passed away.
TCP Smooth Start: A refinement to slow start algorithm.
TCP/IP Resources List: A meta-FAQ about TCP/IP regularly posted to Usenet.
TCP: From PSH to ACK: Concise descriptions of the different algorithms involved in implementing TCP.
TCPSAT list of TCP papers: A list of pointers to author's copies of TCP-related papers from (now closed) IETF TCP Over Satellite working group.
The TCP-Friendly Website: TCP-friendly algorithms and TCP performance models
The Web 100 Project: The goal is to make 100Mbps TCP streams over wide-area networks possible for general users.
Understanding TCP Vegas: Technical report.